During what condition is it critical to avoid excessive fluid administration?

In pediatric and geriatric patients, it is crucial to avoid excessive fluid administration because both populations are more susceptible to the complications that can arise from fluid overload.

In pediatric patients, their bodies have a lower total blood volume and different physiological responses compared to adults. Overloading them with fluids can lead to conditions like pulmonary edema or heart failure, as their systems may not handle excessive volume as effectively.

Similarly, geriatric patients often have age-related changes in kidney function, cardiovascular health, and fluid balance, making them vulnerable to fluid overload. In this population, administering too much fluid can exacerbate existing conditions, such as heart failure, and lead to significant complications like respiratory distress or acute kidney injury.

The other options do not emphasize the same level of risk regarding fluid administration. Normal cardiac function in adults may handle fluid better, stable vital signs suggest no immediate risks, and minor surgical procedures typically involve less concern about fluid overload unless specific risks are identified. This context highlights why pediatric and geriatric patients deserve special attention regarding fluid management.