What underlying factor could lead to an increased fall risk in older adults?

Poor vision is a significant underlying factor that can lead to an increased fall risk in older adults. As individuals age, many experience a decline in visual acuity, depth perception, and contrast sensitivity. These visual impairments can make it difficult for older adults to navigate their environment safely, resulting in an increased likelihood of falls. When vision is compromised, individuals may not see obstacles, uneven surfaces, or changes in lighting, all of which can contribute to losing balance and falling.

In contrast, frequent exercise is generally associated with improved strength, balance, and coordination, all of which help to reduce the risk of falls. Health literacy can influence a person's ability to understand health information and follow medical advice, but does not directly correlate with the physical capabilities related to falls. Similarly, a balanced diet supports overall health and well-being but does not relate directly to the physical aspects that predispose someone to falling. Therefore, among the options provided, poor vision most directly correlates to an increased risk of falls in the older adult population.