Where is an IO needle commonly inserted?

The proximal tibia is the most commonly chosen site for intraosseous (IO) needle insertion due to several key factors. This site is relatively easy to identify and access, especially in emergency situations where rapid vascular access is critical. The proximal tibia, located just below the patella and above the tibial plateau, is rich in bone marrow, which allows for effective infusion of fluids and medications directly into the vascular system.

Intraosseous access is particularly useful in scenarios where intravenous access might be difficult or impossible, such as in pediatric patients or in cases of severe trauma. The bone structure in the proximal tibia is also favorable for the insertion technique, providing a solid anchor for the needle.

Other sites for IO access, such as the distal femur or the humeral head, can be used but are not as commonly preferred as the proximal tibia. The radiocarpal joint is not a suitable site for IO insertion as it does not provide the necessary access to the medullary cavity or bone marrow. Thus, the proximal tibia stands out as the preferred and most practical location for IO needle insertion.