Which of the following chemicals is classified as a nerve agent?

The classification of a chemical as a nerve agent is based on its mechanism of action and the effects it has on the nervous system. Sarin, Soman, and VX are all considered nerve agents because they are organophosphate compounds that inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. This inhibition leads to an accumulation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, resulting in overstimulation of the muscles, glands, and central nervous system, ultimately leading to respiratory failure and death if not treated promptly.

Soman is a particularly potent nerve agent that acts quickly in the body, affecting the nervous system and leading to severe physiological effects. It was developed for military use and has been involved in historical incidents, underscoring its classification alongside other nerve agents.

Mustard gas, contrastingly, is classified as a chemical warfare agent but does not function as a nerve agent. It primarily acts as a blistering agent, causing severe skin, respiratory, and eye damage upon exposure, and does not directly interfere with the nervous system’s functioning like the nerve agents do.

Understanding these distinctions is crucial for emergency responders, as the treatment and management of exposure to these different types of chemicals vary significantly.